War is a pervasive global phenomenon; Ambiguity, complexity and multidimensionality; The most important feature is the newest combat method. Combined war is a wide range of dimensions and components in a homogeneous and heterogeneous manner, which is used in this type of war, which is considered a non-linear war.  For this reason, a constant vigilance against the enemy is one of the musts of an independent system with many enemies. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the enemies have started enmity and hatred against the holy system of Iran in different ways and by creating diversity. Based on this, the main goal of the research is to answer the question, "How is the passive attack in hybrid warfare?" The current research is of applied type, descriptive-analytical research method and mixed research approach. The statistical population of experts for the interview of this research is estimated to be 14 people. The sampling method was purposeful, homogeneous and heterogeneous until the theoretical saturation of the data. By using the method of collecting data in the form of library and field with the determination tools of these two methods and also by using the descriptive-analytical method, an attempt was made to determine the components and sub-components of passive offense in combined warfare. The findings of the research show that passive offense as one of the dimensions of combined warfare with eight components including "cognitive, economic, social, cyber, cultural, informational, political, legal and environmental" and 42 sub-components are effective in combined warfare.

One of the most important threats that affects the structure of urban governance and urban management is the new threats in the field of combined warfare. Combined war includes the creation of a synergistic effect resulting from the tension of economic, military, social and media threats, which causes the loss of time and the erosion of the urban governance system and makes its role in the development circuit ambiguous; Combined war and dependency on hydrocarbon economy is one of the most important planning challenges in Iranian governance, which has consequences in the perception of the city and urban governance in Tehran as the capital of Iran. One of the most important challenges of urban governance in Iran is the short-term nature of development plans and the lack of practical dreams as a tool for policy harmonization.On the other hand, in the combined war against J.A., the West seeks to de-horizonize the society and shorten the governance cycle;A process that highlights the need to rebuild the governance institution and the necessity of the emergence of utopia; Suggestions are provided to deal with these challenges and make the programs long-term. Among these suggestions is rethinking the concept of the city and defining the national dream for the citizens. Also, in order to reform the hydrocarbon economic system, job opportunities should be transferred to the water zone in the south of the country to provide a development model against the desirable western model. A process that helps to improve the problems of the city by distributing job opportunities and is considered as an important factor in drawing the Iranian development plan.

Combat power is the power of fighting, which is the hardware, software and supreme factors that make up its dimensions. Nonlinear warfare has recently entered military literature and war is far from its subcategory. Which indicates imbalance in the martial power of the parties involved and has a hard, complex, and uncertain operational environment. Fighting software is not a little bit intangible, but it is one of the most influential and determining factors in the fate of each war. In the forthcoming research, the intent and intention of the researchers is to elaborate the elements of martial law-making capabilities and prioritize them in an uneasy war. Therefore, the main question of the research that the researchers are trying to answer is the following: What are the priorities of the software for combat power in an uneven war? The general purpose of this research is to explain the priority of combat power software software in an unpleasant war. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive with mixed approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of commanders and successors of Nazaja and regional military units. Data collection was done through documents, interviews and questionnaires. The ranking of the elements of the martial law-fighting software was used to compare the data and to use SPSS software. The results of the research showed that its upper limit was related to education with a mean of 4. 49 and its lowest level Relative to partial assistance with an average of 3. 53.

Introduction Globalization is a historical process that has been provided due to the progress and revolution in communication and information technology, and communication and information systems such as telephone, satellite, Internet, etc., pave the way for its realization as a process. It turns. In such a sense, globalization is the product of the compression of time and space, the separation of the common social living space from the place, the proximity and complexity of man, which is reflected in the emergence of a common culture. It will also lead to integration in the economic, political, security and military fields, and to shrink the world on the one hand, and to increase public awareness and communication on the other. The developments resulting from the information revolution have led to the entry of new actors, changes in structures and changes in the equations of power, and as a result, more complex relations in the form of systemic networks, and ultimately led to a combined war. Information geopolitics, to study the role of knowledge, information, technology and art in different dimensions of production, collection, focus and dissemination on power generation and the impact on actors' relationships and their conflicts to develop their sphere of influence on geographical and human spaces at different scales Pays. Methodology Globalization is a historical process that has been provided due to the progress and revolution in communication and information technology, and communication and information systems such as telephone, satellite, Internet, etc., pave the way for its realization as a process. It turns. In such a sense, globalization is the product of the compression of time and space, the separation of the common social living space from the place, the proximity and complexity of man, which is reflected in the emergence of a common culture. It will also lead to integration in the economic, political, security and military fields, and to shrink the world on the one hand, and to increase public awareness and communication on the other. The developments resulting from the information revolution have led to the entry of new actors, changes in structures and changes in the equations of power, and as a result, more complex relations in the form of systemic networks, and ultimately led to a combined war. Information geopolitics, to study the role of knowledge, information, technology and art in different dimensions of production, collection, focus and dissemination on power generation and the impact on actors' relationships and their conflicts to develop their sphere of influence on geographical and human spaces at different scales Pays. Results and Discussion The purpose of wars has always been to influence the enemy's information systems. The desired result would be for the enemy to receive messages persuading him to stop the war. The scope of influence of the information and communication element covers a wide range from soft warfare and psychological warfare to information and cyber warfare, from social networks and websites that have many security implications and consequences in the eyes of public opinion and Governments and intelligence services allow cyber sabotage of nuclear programs and hackers to break into code and infiltrate the computers of key organizations and target systems. New malware steals confidential, top-secret, and classified information; Countering them requires the use of intelligent power in cyberspace, which provides a more complex understanding of power in world politics in the information age. The model of the enemy's approach in the era of the conquest of intelligent power is convergent, an integrated model as follows: 1-Concentration of psychological and political pressure on the political and defense management of the country. 2-Psychological operations on people. 3-Economic pressure. 4-Military operations on selective and complementary targets. 5. Focus on destroying vital civilian and defense infrastructure. 6-Creating super-critical points in major populations. 7-Leading the people's dissatisfaction to the field of protest, turmoil and finally conflict with the government. 8-Transfer of military auxiliary pressure to the remaining resistances. 9-Establishing coordination between the potential of popular conflict and the military offensive system against the government. Conclusion The present study shows that, in complex and anarchic systems, strategic stability is the basis for maintaining balance and systemic stability and thus war control in which the distribution of vulnerabilities, sensitivities and capabilities, in a way Is that the units in the international system are not able to wage a large-scale war against each other and, at the systemic level, prevent fluctuations from turning into war. In the system of complexity, in addition to the clustering of order, the evolution of the pattern of war and conflict is in the form of combined wars with a proxy, coalition and information-oriented approach with a network feature. Therefore, their control and management are also analyzed based on network logic. In the new geopolitical situation, physical collisions have reached a minimum, and in today's world, what is important is to understand cyber and infosphere space in the geopolitical realms. The fifth period is geopolitical and geopolitical environments over time have gone beyond the pure domination of land and borders and have found a practical meaning in the dimensions of sea and air, the main factor of which is the power of information. As a result, the use of intelligence power changes both the model of wars and struggles and the style of acting, and on the other hand, it turns out that the determining power is transferred to the air and the electromagnetic systems located in the air bases. The great world powers have taken control of their peripheral space and the potential of their intelligence force has changed the balance of power, and today human beings are witnessing the most prominent methods of intelligence power and military skills.

Given the complexities, dimensions, number of the effective variables and the effect of information warfare, architecting this field aimed at reducing the complexities and enhancing the capability of applying this notion, can be very effective to this end.One of the main areas of implementing organizational architecture projects is preliminary planning, selecting framework and methodology and developing project implementation plan. To this end, and thereby, first a review of literature is conducted then a respective operational model of information warfare is suggested.Information warfare architectural plan accommodates empowerment in information warfare suggested framework and methodology, and procedures are followed then.Last, a macro plan for the implementation is suggested along with its respective model whose dimensions are elaborated. The last part is followed by an evaluation of the plan and the conclusion.

The issue of maintaining and expanding security in border areas, especially in countries that have long common borders with their neighbors, has always been the concern and sensitivity of those in the charge. Therefore, developmental differences between geographical locations are not the interest of human and damage the environment for development will create many problems for the future. Consequently, this study was conducted to investigate the opportunities and obstacles facing sustainable security in Bushehr province. In this research, the researcher has collected the required data in the form of libraries and documents. Based on the research findings, it is clear that in Bushehr province, opportunities for sustainable security development are favorable geographical location, favorable hydrocarbon resources, marine resources, the ability to produce new energy and also the province's bottlenecks in the field of sustainable security, military centers, economic resources, unemployment, Smuggling and problems of water resources can be mentioned. Improper use of resources has also led to environmental damage and deprivation of residents of services commensurate with the potential of the region.

The issue of maintaining and expanding security in border areas, especially in countries that have long common borders with their neighbors, has always been the concern and sensitivity of those in the charge. Therefore, developmental differences between geographical locations are not the interest of human and damage the environment for development will create many problems for the future. Consequently, this study was conducted to investigate the opportunities and obstacles facing sustainable security in Bushehr province. In this research, the researcher has collected the required data in the form of libraries and documents. Based on the research findings, it is clear that in Bushehr province, opportunities for sustainable security development are favorable geographical location, favorable hydrocarbon resources, marine resources, the ability to produce new energy and also the province's bottlenecks in the field of sustainable security, military centers, economic resources, unemployment, Smuggling and problems of water resources can be mentioned. Improper use of resources has also led to environmental damage and deprivation of residents of services commensurate with the potential of the region.

biguity, complexity, multidimensionality and processuality are the most important characteristics of the latest war method. Combined war is a wide range of dimensions and components in a homogeneous and heterogeneous manner, which is used in this type of war, which is considered a non-linear war. For this reason, a constant vigilance against the enemy is one of the musts of an independent system with many enemies. Based on this, the main goal of the research is to answer the question, “What is the pattern of implementing hybrid warfare?”The present research is of applied-developmental type, descriptive-analytical research method with mixed approach. Considering the specialization of the research topic and the limited availability of experts, first, by using library sources and semi-structured interviews with experts in this field, the dimensions and components and sub-components were calculated, and then the factors obtained by The questionnaire was distributed and collected among 75 people from the community. The findings of the research show that the combined war has 2 dimensions; There are “inactive pests” and “active pests”. The dimension of “passive offense” with 8 components and 42 sub-components and the dimension of “active offense” with 2 components and 12 sub-components were measured, evaluated and confirmed, and finally, the model of the implementation of combined warfare was presented as well as suggestionsAmm

Chemical warfare agents are chemical, usually extremely toxic weapons of mass destruction, which, although they have been used for centuries, have not yet been fully and comprehensively described. Nowadays they are classified as nerve agents, blistering agents, blood agents, choking agents, tear gases, psychomimetic agents, and toxins. The mass production, and consequently, widespread deployment of these agents has been documented since the 19th century after the expansion of industrial chemistry. Since then, several large-scale attacks using them have been reported (1). Chemical weapons can be viewed from various aspects, including environmental, legal, ethical, medical, etc., insufficient attention has been paid to its psychiatric aspect and considerations. The psychiatric aspect of chemical attacks has been neglected, or at least not sufficiently addressed. Indeed, if medical preparation for chemical attacks were to be practiced, it would probably not involve psychiatrists or consider sufficient psychiatric assistance. Meanwhile, mood, cognitive, and behavioral disorders are common due to trauma and chemical agents, both short-term and long-term. Psychiatrists have considerable multifaceted roles and duties in such a crisis, including helping to differentiate somatization and anxiety in patients referred to the emergency room, treating short-term and long-term psychiatric disorders, crisis management intervention to health workers, and providing recommendations and guidance to decision-makers (2). Several effects of chemicals on mental health in people exposed to them in war or research have been reported, including intellectual impairment, problems in concentration, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, psychomotor retardation, depression, social withdrawal, antisocial thoughts, fatigue, amnesia, restlessness, and irritability (2-4). Psychiatric disorders caused by chemical weapons can afflict people long after the attack so that a study showed that psychiatric and psychological findings, including somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, and hostility, were higher in the population exposed to sulfur mustard and horror and fears, even up to 20 years after exposure (4). Sulfur mustard is a blister agent that still has no effective antidote. The city of Sardasht, West Azerbaijan, Iran was the victim of a chemical attack on June 28, 1987, during the invasion of Iran. On that sunset, many people were massacred, and since then, many people have suffered from the consequences, the psychiatric side of which is only a small part. Acknowledgements This paper did not receive any specific grant from public, commercial, or not-for-profit funding agencies. Conflict of Interest The authors had no competing interests.

Mustard chemical warfare has been neutralized by solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite. Sulfur mustard has been hydrolyzed with water, and converted to thiodiglicol.